再探個人化（Personalization）、差異化（Differentiation）與個別化（Individualization）學習

      繼上次整理PDI之後，再看這本『Learning Personalized: The Evolution of the Contemporary Classroom』的PDI比較表，它以『傳輸模式（Delivery Model）』來描述在個人化（Personalization）、差異化（Differentiation）與個別化（Individualization）學習中，學生如何擁有學習體驗（How Student Owns the Learning Experience）、老師的角色為何（Teacher's Role），以及提供實例說明    （Illustrative Examples），我把表格另行整理，並一起呈現原文段落，譯得不當處尚請指正喔！

◎個人化學習Personalized Learning
學生
Student actively pursues authentic, complex problems that inspire creation in the inquiry, analysis, and final product.
學生積極追求真實的、複雜的問題，在探究、分析與最終產品中激盪創作。

教師
Teacher facilitates learning through questions, conferences and feedback.
教師透過問題、會議和反饋來促進學習。

實例
Student develops and uses playlists (e.g., curation of texts, experiences) to inform.
學生發展和利用播放清單(playlists)（例如，文本的策展，經驗）來說明。
Student leads teacher-parent conferences to evaluate performance and determine next steps.
學生主持親師會議，以評估績效並決定下一步行動。
Student moves through learning experiences at his own pace to demonstrate desired outcomes or competencies in ways designed by him.
學生以自己的步調通過學習體驗，用自己設計的方式來展現所預期成果或能力。

◎個別化學習Individualization
學生
Student controls the pace of the topic as well as when to demonstrate mastery.

學生控制主題的步調，以及展現精熟。

教師
Teacher drives instruction through teacher-created tasks and related lesson plans.
教師通過教師建立的任務和相關課程計畫來驅動教學。

實例
Teacher develops playlists. 教師發展播放清單。
Teacher assigns or student independently uses a digital tool to focus on fluency (e.g., Khan Academy).
教師指派或學生獨立使用數位工具來專注於流暢（如可汗學院）。
Teacher assigns online independent study or intervention program
老師指派線上獨立研究或是介入項目

◎差異化學習Differentiation
學生
Student assesses and chooses instruction around content, process, product, and learning environment.
學生評估並選擇教學，圍繞在內容、過程、產品和學習環境。

教師
Teacher tailors instruction based on different individual need and preference
根據不同個體的需要和喜好，由教師來裁設教學

實例
Teacher creates literature circles around different texts but same theme.
教師建立文學圈：圍繞著相同主題的不同文本。
Student develops a learning contract with the teacher.
學生與教師發展學習契約。
Teacher develops choice board or menu to provide student choice.
教師發展選擇板或選單以供學生選擇。